Analysis of Endothelin-1 (ET-1) Levels in the Urine of Non-Obese Pregnant Women and Obese Pregnant Women

Abstract

Due to the rising incidence of obesity, notably in Indonesia, it has become a major worldwide health concern. Obesity in pregnant women can cause various health complications for the mother and fetus. One powerful vasoconstrictor peptide that is implicated in many physiological and pathological processes, including endothelial damage, is endothelin-1 (ET-1). The purpose of this study is to compare the levels of ET-1 in the urine of obese and non-obese pregnant women. The present cross-sectional research was carried out in Gorontalo City and included a sample of pregnant women aged 25-30 who were overweight or obese, second-time mothers, third-time mothers, and in their second trimester of gestation, in additional to pre-pregnancy obese and GWG obese pregnant women. These females weren't overweight. The research sample included 75 individuals in total, and the Consecutive Sampling technique was used to divide them into three groups. The ELISA method was used to find ET-1 levels, and the sample was created using information from interviews and physical examinations. The data analysis used the Independent Sample T-tool statistical method to compare groups consisting of non-obese pregnant women, pre-pregnancy obese pregnant women, and GWG obese pregnant women. According to the results, pre-pregnancy obese pregnant women had greater ET-1 levels in their urine (137.85 ng/l) than non-obese pregnant women (109.39 ng/l) or GWG obese pregnant women (107.21 ng/l). Pregnant obese women who have high levels of ET-1 in their urine may be at risk for kidney injury.

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