Algal peptides for future food: Key players and multifaceted agents in the fight against cardiometabolic syndrome

Abstract

Cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) is a cluster of metabolic disorders, including obesity, hypertension, oxidative stress, and atherosclerosis, that significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies highlight the therapeutic potential of algae-derived peptides in mitigating these conditions. These bioactive peptides exert anti-obesity effects by enhancing PPAR-γ activity, reducing white adipose tissue (WAT), and regulating malonyl-CoA synthesis in hepatocytes, which is essential for lipid metabolism. Additionally, they activate the AMPK pathway, promoting GLUT-4 translocation and improving insulin sensitivity, thereby reducing the risk of type II diabetes. In terms of cardiovascular health, algae peptides demonstrate potent anti-hypertensive properties by inhibiting renin and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), thereby modulating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and kallikrein-kinin system (KKS). Furthermore, their strong antioxidant activity mitigates oxidative stress by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS), protecting endothelial cells, and preventing vascular inflammation. These antioxidant effects contribute to their anti-atherosclerotic potential by suppressing atheroma formation and preserving arterial function. • Cardiometabolic Syndrome (CMS): A cluster of metabolic disorders raising CVD risk. • Algal Peptides for Obesity: Regulate PPAR-γ, WAT reduction, and lipid metabolism. • Antidiabetic Effects: Enhance GLUT-4 translocation and prevent insulin resistance. • Cardiovascular Benefits: Inhibit ACE, renin, and reduce oxidative stress in vessels. • Functional Food Potential: Algal peptides offer a natural approach to managing CMS.

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