Adaptive Morphologies of Stilt Settlements in Flood Prone of Sempaja, Samarinda Indonesia

Abstract

This study investigates the morphological evolution and adaptation strategies of stilt-house settlements in the flood-prone of Sempaja, Samarinda, Indonesia. Combining spatial GIS analysis, field surveys, and socio-economic assessments, the study examines how these vernacular structures have changed in response to environmental pressures, urbanization, and policy interventions. Findings reveal that sedimentation (100-120 cm over 20 years) and increased flood frequency (1-2 events per year) have necessitated significant architectural adaptations, including raised stilts (from 60-130 to 170-270 cm) and a material transition from traditional ironwood to modern composites. The study identified distinct socio-economic stratifications in adaptive capacity, with middle/upper-income households (65.9%) adopting more durable modifications than low-income groups (28.6%) constrained by financial constraints. The impact of urbanization is evident through settlement expansion (331%) and densification (5 to 21 units/hectare). The Government’s river normalization policy proved effective in reducing flooding events. This study contributes to the global discussion on climate-resilient vernacular architecture by proposing a framework for equitable adaptation that integrates environmental management, community participation, and policy support. These insights offer valuable lessons for flood-prone settlements in tropical wetland areas worldwide.

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