Abundance of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Coffee-based Agroforestry in Bokin Village, Rantepao District, North Toraja Regency

Abstract

Abstract Coffee is one of the leading commodities in Indonesia and is cultivated in agroforestry systems such as in North Toraja. The use of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) to improve soil fertility and plant productivity in marginal lands is important. This study aimed to determine the number of spores and types of mycorrhizae associated with Arabica ( C. arabica ) and Robusta ( C. canephora ) coffee plants in Bokin Village, Rantepao District, North Toraja Regency. Data were collected through purposive sampling, by collecting soil samples around the coffee roots at a distance of 50-100 cm from the base of the coffee trunk at a depth of 0-20 cm. Laboratory analyses included spore extraction, spore identification, spore observation, and data analysis. The results of this study showed that the presence and diversity of AMF in arabica and robusta coffee plants were dominated by the genus Glomus, particularly Glomus sp1. The density, diversity, relative abundance, and relative frequency of spores were higher in robusta coffee than in arabica coffee. Environmental factors such as soil pH, nitrogen content, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) play an important role in influencing the development and distribution of AMF. Soils with acidic pH, low nutrient content, and moderate CEC support the development of AMF, particularly Glomus, which has a higher adaptive capacity compared to Acaulospora. The number of spores in the Arabica and Robusta coffee plantation was 226 and 355 spores respectively with 7 types of spores, namely Glomus sp1, Glomus sp2, Glomus sp3, Glomus sp4, Glomus sp5, Acaulospora sp1, and Acaulospora sp2.

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